The Battle of Saratoga Begins at Freeman’s Farm
The first Battle of Saratoga began on September 19, 1777, at Freeman’s Farm. Colonel Daniel Morgan’s rifle corps—about 400 men drawn from Virginia and Pennsylvania Continental units—was among the first ...
The Heroism of Cyrus Sears at the Battle of Iuka
On September 19, 1862, Union and Confederate forces clashed at the Battle of Iuka in northeastern Mississippi. During the fighting, the 11th Ohio Battery, Light Artillery, commanded by First Lieutenant ...
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The Birth of Secretary of Defense Harold Brown
On September 19, 1927, Harold Brown—nuclear physicist, public official, and the fourteenth U.S. Secretary of Defense—was born in New York City. A remarkable academic prodigy, Brown earned his doctorate in ...
The Birth of Charles Carroll of Carrollton
On September 19, 1737, Charles Carroll of Carrollton—statesman, patriot, and the only Roman Catholic signer of the Declaration of Independence—was born in Annapolis, Maryland. Born into one of colonial Maryland’s ...
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George Washington’s Farewell Address
On September 19, 1796, President George Washington’s Farewell Address appeared in Philadelphia’s American Daily Advertiser. Having decided not to seek a third term, Washington did not deliver a public valedictory ...
GIs Enter the Hürtgen Forest
On September 19, 1944, as Allied armies pressed toward Germany after the liberation of France and Belgium, troops of the U.S. 9th Infantry Division launched the opening attack of what ...
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Classroom Scene at Saugus High School
On September 19, 1955, a photograph documented students during a classroom lesson at Saugus High School in Saugus, Massachusetts. The image offers a glimpse of everyday public-school life in the ...
The Battle of Chickamauga
On September 19, 1863, the main fighting of the Battle of Chickamauga erupted along Chickamauga Creek in northwestern Georgia. After Union Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans maneuvered Confederate Gen. Braxton ...
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The Birth of Actor Adam West
Born September 19, 1928, Adam West—born William West Anderson—became a lasting pop-culture icon through his unforgettable portrayal of Batman. When ABC’s Batman premiered in 1966, West’s perfectly straight-faced delivery, impeccable ...
The 149th New York at Gettysburg
On July 2–3, 1863, the 149th New York Infantry—Syracuse’s “Fourth Onondaga”—fought in George S. Greene’s Brigade during the crucial defense of Culp’s Hill at Gettysburg. From hastily built breastworks of ...
Melville R. Bissell’s Carpet Sweeper Patent
On September 19, 1876, Melville R. Bissell of Grand Rapids, Michigan, received U.S. Patent No. 182,346 for an improvement in carpet sweepers. He and his wife, Anna Sutherland Bissell, developed ...
The Burning of Jamestown
On September 19, 1676, Nathaniel Bacon and his followers burned Jamestown, Virginia, the colony’s capital, to the ground. The destruction was the dramatic climax of Bacon’s Rebellion, an armed uprising ...
Chubby Checker’s “The Twist” Reaches No. 1
On September 19, 1960, Chubby Checker’s “The Twist” reached No. 1 on Billboard’s Hot 100. Checker’s recording, a cover of Hank Ballard and the Midnighters’ 1959 R&B song, helped turn ...
The Birth of Photographer Frank Eugene Smith
On September 19, 1865, Frank Eugene Smith—known professionally as Frank Eugene—was born in New York City. An American-born pictorialist photographer, painter, and graphic artist, he helped establish photography as a ...
Simon & Garfunkel’s Concert in Central Park
On September 19, 1981, Simon & Garfunkel reunited for a free benefit concert on the Great Lawn in New York City’s Central Park. The performance drew an estimated 500,000 people—though ...
The Passing of President James A. Garfield
On September 19, 1881, James A. Garfield, the twentieth president of the United States, died at a seaside cottage in Elberon, New Jersey, from complications of wounds inflicted by an ...
The Third Battle of Winchester
On September 19, 1864, the Shenandoah Valley erupted in cannon fire and musketry as Union troops advanced on Confederate positions east of Winchester, Virginia. Commanded by Major General Philip Sheridan, ...
Smith Warren’s Six-Swordfish Catch at Santa Catalina Island
On September 19, 1912, Tuna Club member Smith Warren caught six Catalina swordfish in a single day off Santa Catalina Island. A surviving photograph publicized the feat as the “World’s ...
