Irene Rich — A Graceful Reinvention in Hollywood
Born Irene Luther on October 13, 1891, in Buffalo, New York, Irene Rich became one of American cinema’s most versatile actresses, moving successfully from silent films to talkies, radio, and ...
Captain John Wool — Daring at Queenston Heights
On October 13, 1812, Captain John Ellis Wool of the United States Army was shot through both thighs during the Battle of Queenston Heights in Ontario. Despite his wounds, he ...
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The Continental Navy — Founding the American Fleet
On October 13, 1775, the Continental Congress, meeting in Philadelphia, passed a historic resolution to purchase and fit out two armed vessels for a three-month cruise to intercept British transports ...
The Annexation of Texas — A Continental Realignment
On October 13, 1845, the electorate of the Republic of Texas voted overwhelmingly to ratify annexation to the United States and approve a newly drafted state constitution. Motivated by severe ...
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Art Tatum — The Architecture of Jazz Piano
Born on October 13, 1909, in Toledo, Ohio, virtuoso pianist Arthur “Art” Tatum Jr. became one of the most influential and technically dazzling figures in jazz history. Severely visually impaired ...
John F. Kennedy — The 1962 Indianapolis Campaign Rally
On October 13, 1962, President John F. Kennedy arrived at Weir Cook Municipal Airport in Indianapolis, Indiana, to deliver an energetic campaign address on behalf of Democratic congressional candidates ahead ...
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The Elm Creek Raid — A Frontier Flashpoint in Texas
On October 13, 1864, during the American Civil War, a large force of Kiowa and Comanche warriors—probably numbering in the hundreds—launched the Elm Creek Raid in western Young County, Texas ...
The Wizard of Oz — The Cameras Begin to Roll
On October 13, 1938, principal photography officially commenced on Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer’s landmark musical fantasy The Wizard of Oz at the studio’s lot in Culver City, California. Adapted from L. Frank Baum’s ...
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St. George’s Memorial Church — The Wartime Service Flag
On October 13, 1917, during the mobilization months of World War I, St. George’s Episcopal Church in Manhattan displayed a large service flag bearing eighty-nine stitched stars. Each star represented ...
The White House — Laying the First Cornerstone
On October 13, 1792, a public ceremony brought together local Freemasons, District of Columbia commissioners, civic leaders, and workmen to lay the cornerstone of the President’s House in the newly ...
Rube Waddell — The Eccentric Ace of Baseball
Born on October 13, 1876, in Bradford, Pennsylvania, Hall of Fame left-handed pitcher George Edward “Rube” Waddell became one of the most dominant and colorful figures in early Major League ...
The 1903 World Series — The Boston Americans Triumph
On October 13, 1903, the first modern World Series reached its dramatic conclusion as the Boston Americans defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates, 3–0, in Game 8 at Huntington Avenue Grounds to ...
The First Aerial Photograph in America — Boston from the Sky
On October 13, 1860, Boston photographer James Wallace Black ascended above the city in Queen of the Air, a balloon operated by noted aeronaut Samuel Archer King. Tethered over Boston ...
Mary Ludwig Hays — The Legend of Molly Pitcher
Born on October 13, 1754, likely in New Jersey or Pennsylvania, Mary Ludwig Hays became the woman most often identified with the Revolutionary War legend “Molly Pitcher.” She followed her ...
Milton S. Hershey — The Passing of a Philanthropic Pioneer
On October 13, 1945, American industrialist and philanthropist Milton Snavely Hershey died at Hershey Hospital in Hershey, Pennsylvania, at the age of eighty-eight. Having helped transform milk chocolate from a ...
