The Battle of Santa Rosa Island
In the early hours of October 9, 1861, Confederate forces launched a surprise attack against Union troops on Santa Rosa Island, Florida. Acting under orders from Confederate commander Braxton Bragg, ...
The Arrival of the Restauration
On October 9, 1825, the Norwegian sloop Restauration arrived in New York Harbor after a grueling three-month transatlantic voyage from Stavanger, Norway. The vessel had departed with 52 Norwegian emigrants—many ...
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Capture of HMS Caledonia and HMS Detroit
During the night of October 8–9, 1812, U.S. Navy Lieutenant Jesse D. Elliott and U.S. Army Captain Nathan Towson led roughly 100 American sailors and soldiers from Black Rock, near ...
Washington Monument Opens to the Public
On October 9, 1888, the Washington Monument opened to the public, allowing visitors to ascend the soaring stone obelisk by steam-powered elevator or, for the determined, by its 898-step iron ...
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Joe Rosenthal Born
Joe Rosenthal, the Associated Press photographer who captured the Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima, was born on October 9, 1911, in Washington, D.C. During World War ...
Roger Williams Is Banished from Massachusetts
On October 9, 1635, the General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony sentenced Roger Williams—a radical Puritan minister and the future founder of Providence—to banishment for promoting what officials called ...
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George Washington Fires First American Gun at Yorktown
On October 9, 1781, General George Washington ceremonially touched off the first American cannon at the Siege of Yorktown. The French artillery had opened the Allied bombardment at about 3 ...
Mission San Francisco de Asís Dedicated
On October 9, 1776, Spanish Franciscan missionaries formally dedicated Mission San Francisco de Asís in present-day San Francisco. Father Francisco Palóu and Father Pedro Benito Cambón established the mission in ...
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Connecticut’s Collegiate School Chartered
On October 9, 1701, Connecticut’s General Court approved “An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School,” establishing an institution intended to prepare young men for public employment in both ...
Casimir Pulaski Mortally Wounded at Savannah
On October 9, 1779, Casimir Pulaski, a Polish nobleman and Continental Army cavalry commander, was mortally wounded during the Siege of Savannah, Georgia. In the failed Franco-American assault on British-held ...
Lunar Orbiter III Purposely Crashed
After completing its primary photographic mission, NASA deliberately commanded Lunar Orbiter III to impact the Moon on October 9, 1967. Launched that February, the spacecraft had returned hundreds of detailed ...
