Robert E. Lee — The Death of a Confederate Commander
On October 12, 1870, Robert E. Lee, former general-in-chief of the Confederate States Army, died at his home in Lexington, Virginia, at the age of sixty-three. After surrendering at Appomattox ...
Doris Miller — Valor at Pearl Harbor
Born on October 12, 1919, in Waco, Texas, Doris “Dorie” Miller became one of the most celebrated heroes of the United States Navy during World War II. Enlisting in 1939 ...
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Theodore Roosevelt — Renaming the White House
On October 12, 1901, President Theodore Roosevelt adopted “The White House” as the official name for the presidential residence, replacing the long-standing designation “Executive Mansion” on presidential stationery. The formal ...
Edward Hidalgo — A Pathbreaking Secretary of the Navy
Born Eduardo Hidalgo in Mexico City on October 12, 1912, Edward Hidalgo immigrated with his family to New York City in 1918. After becoming a U.S. citizen and anglicizing his ...
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Whitey Michelsen — Breaking the Marathon Barrier
On October 12, 1925, American long-distance runner Albert Richard “Whitey” Michelsen made athletic history by winning the inaugural Port Chester Marathon, which ran from Manhattan to Port Chester in Westchester ...
Desmond Doss — The Conscientious Objector’s Medal of Honor
On October 12, 1945, President Harry S. Truman presented the Medal of Honor to U.S. Army Corporal Desmond T. Doss during a ceremony on the White House lawn. Doss, a ...
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John Denver — The Tragic Loss of a Music Icon
On October 12, 1997, acclaimed American singer-songwriter John Denver died when the light aircraft he was piloting crashed into Monterey Bay near Pacific Grove, California. He was 53. Denver, born ...
The Drinker and Shaw Iron Lung — A Triumph in Boston
On October 12, 1928, a revolutionary medical device known as the Drinker and Shaw iron lung was used to treat a human patient for the first time at Boston Children’s ...
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The Pledge of Allegiance — Its First School Recitation
The Pledge of Allegiance was first published in The Youth’s Companion on September 8, 1892, and was introduced as part of a national campaign to commemorate the 400th anniversary of ...
Women in the Union Pacific Shops — World War I Mobilization
On October 12, 1918, the suffragist magazine The Woman Citizen published a photo essay documenting women working in the Union Pacific Railroad shops in Cheyenne, Wyoming. Captured during American mobilization ...
The Launch of the Ironclad St. Louis — River Armor in the Civil War
On October 12, 1861, the Union ironclad gunboat St. Louis was launched at James B. Eads’s shipyard in Carondelet, near St. Louis, Missouri. Designed by naval architect Samuel Pook and ...
The Interchurch Center — Eisenhower and Religious Unity
On October 12, 1958, President Dwight D. Eisenhower stood before a large New York City crowd to lay the cornerstone of The Interchurch Center, a major administrative headquarters in Morningside ...
Governor William Phips — Intervening in the Salem Hysteria
On October 12, 1692, Royal Governor William Phips of the Province of Massachusetts Bay wrote a pivotal letter to the Earl of Nottingham, defending his decision to halt the increasingly ...
